Franz Boas
(1920) talks about two distinct theories; the Cultural evolution and the
cultural diffusion on this article. The
hypothesis for cultural evolution has logical flow in its arguments. The cultural life of mankind follows definite
laws which are applicable everywhere among all the races and all the
people. But in other hand, similarities
of development in the remote parts of the globe is rejected and in its place it
is assumed that identical development in two different part of the world must always be due to migration and diffusion.
These two distinct theories and their methods basically form classification of a
culture. According to Boas, cultures can only be understood with reference to
their particular historical development, it means history and it should have
the empirical data is main thing for him. And also the cultural evolution
cannot be explained only by the theory; it needs proper methodology in the
particular culture. So according to Boas, Culture can only be understood by empirical
data with proper method to its own particular historical development.
Reference:
Boas, Franz
(1920) “The Methods of Ethnology,” in McGee, R. J and R. L. Warms (eds.) (2003)
Anthropology Theory: An Introductory
History, Boston: McGraw-Hill pp. 121-128.
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